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自1978年以来,中国经济快速增长。这是没有争议的。争议比较大的问题是中国经济增长的机制。研究中国的西方经济学家和其他学者有一个共识,即中国的发展不同于甚至挑战强调私有经济和金融自由的一般经济学理论。文章基于大量文献和一定的数据研究,认为私有经济、金融自由化、产权的安全性甚至政治制度的改革实际上在中国经济起飞过程中起了核心的作用。但是文献研究也表明,中国在20世纪80年代开始施行的一些行之有效的改革措施,比如在农村的金融开放,在20世纪90年代全部被逆转了。20世纪90年代发生的中国农村改革的逆转对中国经济增长的构成和中国向市场经济的转型步伐产生了巨大的影响。
Since 1978, China’s economy has been growing rapidly. This is not controversial. The controversial issue is China’s economic growth mechanism. There is a consensus among Western economists and other scholars studying China that China’s development is different from or even challenges the general economic theory that emphasizes private economy and financial freedom. Based on a large amount of literatures and some data, the paper holds that the private economy, financial liberalization, security of property rights and even the reform of the political system actually play a central role in the process of China’s economic take-off. However, the literature also shows that some effective reform measures started by China in the 1980s, such as the financial liberalization in rural areas, were all reversed in the 1990s. The reversal of China’s rural reform that took place in the 1990s has had a huge impact on the composition of China’s economic growth and the pace of China’s transition to a market economy.