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我国自然垄断行业政府监管改革从20世纪90年代中期开始在电信、电力、民航、铁路等几大自然垄断行业密集展开,到21世纪初达到最高潮。此后,改革渐趋于平稳,并呈现出停滞的态势。表面上看,中国自然垄断行业监管在监管机制、监管体制和监管制度等几个方面都已做出过大胆改革尝试,似乎已经无“制”可改。实际情况则是,由于缺乏改革的顶层设计,我国自然垄断行业监管改革已经陷入难以有所作为的“胶着”状态。必须从监管改革的顶层设计的高度把监管机制、监管体制和监管制度改革通盘加以考量,在监管机制、体制、制度功能“耦合”的基础上推进自然垄断行业监管改革。
China’s natural monopoly industry government supervision reform began in the mid-1990s in the telecommunications, electricity, civil aviation, railways and other natural monopoly industries intensively to the beginning of the 21st century to the highest tide. Since then, the reforms have become more stable and have shown signs of stagnation. On the surface, China’s natural monopoly industry supervision has made daring reforms in regulatory mechanisms, regulatory systems, and regulatory systems. It seems that there has been no change in the system. The actual situation is that due to the lack of top-level design for reform, the supervision reform of China’s natural monopoly industry has fallen into a state of “sticky” that can hardly make a difference. It is necessary to consider the supervision mechanism, supervision system, and supervision system reform from the perspective of top-level design of regulatory reform, and promote the supervision reform of natural monopoly industries on the basis of supervision mechanism, system, and system function “coupling”.