在公元15世纪,西方人作为个人仍要继续履行其在庄园里的一些责任,并且在城市里他们个人生活的选择仍处处受到行会的限制;尽管如此,从那时起,他们已开始享有越来越大的自由,选择自己愿意从事的经济活动,然而,当时所需要的并不仅仅是个人的选择。经济生活的许多方面一直是集体而非个体的事情,并且自18世纪工厂被引入后,生产就不仅是 In the 15th century AD, Westerners continued to perform some of their responsibilities in the manor as individuals, and their choice of personal life in the city was still restricted by guilds; nevertheless, since then, they have begun to enjoy Increasing freedom is to choose the economic activities that one is willing to engage in. However, what was needed at that time was not just personal choice. Many aspects of economic life have been collective, not individual, and since the introduction of factories in the 18th century, production was not only