在市场中,企业实现其收入的主要因素是产品的销售。销售价格,表面看来是由卖方制订的,这是因为卖方掌握商品的所有权,理所当然就掌握订价权。其实则不然,在实际经济交往中,商品的价格是在买方和同行竞争者的压力之下形成的。 商品的价格是其价值的实现形式。它存在着三种情况:即价格大于价值;价格等于价值;价格小于价值。从经济学的角度上来分析,商品的价值又可分为必要价值和剩余 In the market, the main factor for the enterprise to realize its income is the sales of the products. The selling price appears to be set by the seller because the seller seizes ownership of the good and, of course, seizes the price. In fact, otherwise, in real economic exchanges, the prices of commodities are formed under the pressure of buyers and their competitors. The price of a commodity is the realization of its value. It exists in three situations: the price is greater than the value; the price is equal to the value; the price is less than the value. From an economic point of view, the value of commodities can be divided into the necessary value and surplus