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在房屋安全鉴定中,需要对整幢房屋的结构构件进行安全鉴定,首先通过现场踏勘进行外观检查,可能会发现钢筋混凝土结构构件各种质量问题,其中裂缝是最常见的现象之一。裂缝出现都是事出有因,有设计上错误、原材料性能缺陷、施工质量低劣、环境条件的变化、使用不当、地基不均匀沉陷等等,而建筑物的破坏往往始于裂缝。因此,如何鉴定裂缝、分析裂缝、控制裂缝,是安全鉴定工作的重要内容之一。根据裂缝成因和特征,判断结构受力工作状况,评定结构的安全性、适用性和耐久性。此种鉴定方法具有简便、直观、快速等优点,在房屋安全鉴定中运用很广。其缺点在于它只是一种定性的分析方法,而不能定量地分析结构的安全性。为此,对可疑结构构件应进行强度、刚度、抗裂性验算,必要时还应通过荷载试验,然后作出安全鉴定意见。
In the housing safety appraisal, the whole building needs safety appraisal of the structural components. First, the visual inspection by on-site survey may reveal various quality problems of the reinforced concrete structural members, among which the crack is one of the most common phenomena. Cracks are the result of any cause, there are design errors, raw material performance defects, poor construction quality, environmental conditions, improper use, uneven foundation subsidence, etc., and the destruction of buildings often begins with the cracks. Therefore, how to identify cracks, analyze cracks and control cracks is one of the important contents of safety appraisal. According to the causes and characteristics of the cracks, the working conditions of the structure are judged, and the safety, suitability and durability of the structure are evaluated. This identification method has the advantages of simple, intuitive, fast, etc., widely used in housing safety appraisal. The disadvantage is that it is only a qualitative analysis, but can not quantitatively analyze the structural safety. To this end, the suspicious structural members should be strength, stiffness, crack check, if necessary, should pass the load test, and then make safety appraisal.