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利用长期定位试验研究了不同施肥制度对潮棕壤肥力及微生物活性的影响。结果表明:长期施用有机肥、无机肥显著降低土壤pH;长期施用化肥并不能增加土壤全碳、氮含量,而有机肥的长期施用却能显著提高土壤有机质含量;土壤长期无P、K肥料施入则会出现P、K的亏损。有机肥处理(M,N+M和NPK+M)的微生物量均显著高于不施肥处理(CK),且这些处理间无显著差异;NPK处理与CK处理间无显著差异,而长期施用N肥显著降低土壤微生物量;均衡施肥处理(M,N+M,NPK和NPK+M)均能显著增强土壤微生物呼吸(P<0.05),而单施N处理对土壤微生物呼吸无显著影响;与CK相比,施肥处理均能显著提高土壤氨化作用(P<0.05),其中以NPK+M处理最高;除N处理外,其他施肥处理均显著提高土壤硝化作用(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,土壤微生物量碳、氮,微生物呼吸,氨化和硝化作用均与土壤全碳、全氮极显著相关(P<0.01),均能够较好地反映土壤肥力变化情况;而土壤微生物活性与其他理化因子相关性不一致,表明它们对土壤理化因子变化的响应程度不同。
The effects of different fertilization systems on the fertility and microbial activity of tidal brown soil were studied using long-term experiment. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure and inorganic manure significantly reduced soil pH; long-term application of chemical fertilizer did not increase soil total carbon and nitrogen content, but long-term application of organic manure could significantly increase soil organic matter content; Into the P, K loss will occur. The microbial biomass of organic manure (M, N + M and NPK + M) was significantly higher than that of non-fertilization (CK), and there was no significant difference between these treatments. There was no significant difference between NPK and CK, Fertilizer significantly reduced soil microbial biomass. Soil microbial respiration (P <0.05) was significantly enhanced by balanced fertilization (M, N + M, NPK and NPK + M), while N treatment alone had no significant effect on soil microbial respiration; Compared with CK, fertilization could significantly improve the ammonification of soil (P <0.05), of which NPK + M was the highest. All treatments except N were significantly increased soil nitrification (P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, microbial respiration, ammonification and nitrification were significantly correlated with soil total carbon and total nitrogen (P <0.01), which could reflect the changes of soil fertility. Soil The correlation between microbial activity and other physico-chemical factors is inconsistent, indicating that they respond differently to changes in soil physico-chemical factors.