目的：探讨ＨＬＡＤＱＢ１等位基因与系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）及其自身抗体的相关性。方法：采用ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＰ技术对５２例中国湖北地区汉族ＳＬＥ患者及１４３例正常对照者进行了ＨＬＡＤＱＢ１基因分型，并采用免疫印迹技术检测患者血清中自身抗体。结果：ＳＬＥ患者ＤＱＢ１０６０８（９６２％，χ２＝１０５１，Ｐ＜０００５）基因频率显著升高，ＤＱＢ１０３０２（５７７％，ＲＲ＝０２６Ｐ＜００５，ＰＦ＝０１４）和ＤＱＢ１０５０１（１９２％，ＲＲ＝０１１，Ｐ＜００１，ＰＦ＝０１３）基因频率显著降低，与正常对照组比较，ＤＱＢ１０６０８在伴抗Ｓｍ（１０３４％，Ｐ＜０００５）、抗ＲＮＰ（１１５４％，Ｐ＜０００５）、抗ｄｓＤＮＡ（２２２２％，Ｐ＜０００５）抗体阳性的ＳＬＥ患者中频率显著升高。结论：ＤＱＢ１０６０８与ＳＬＥ关联，并分别与抗Ｓｍ、抗ＲＮＰ、抗ｄｓＤＮＡ抗体的产生有相关性。而ＤＱＢ１０３０２、ＤＱＢ１０５０１等位基因对ＳＬＥ可能具有保护性。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between HLA-DQB1 alleles and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their autoantibodies. Methods: HLA-DQB1 was genotyped by PCR / SSP in 52 Han Chinese patients with SLE and 143 normal controls in Hubei province, China. The autoantibodies were detected by immunoblotting. Results: The frequencies of DQB1 * 0608 (962%, χ2 = 1051, P <0005) in SLE patients were significantly increased. The frequencies of DQB10302 (577%, RR = 0.26P < PF = 014) and DQB10501 (192%, RR = 011, P <001, PF = 013). Compared with the normal control group, the frequencies of DQB10608 Anti-Sm (1034%, P <0005), anti-RNP (1154%, P <0005), anti-dsDNA antibody (2222%, P <0005) The frequency is significantly higher. Conclusion: DQB1 * 0608 is associated with SLE and correlated with anti-Sm, anti-RNP and anti-dsDNA antibody respectively. The DQB1 * 0302, DQB1 * 0501 alleles may be protective of SLE.