二十世纪下半叶,各种自然资源的开发和消耗达到空前规模,环境污染越演越烈,生命系统内部以及生命系统与环境系统之间,一句话,整个生态系统第一次在世界范围出现了不平衡。这是在世界人口激增和工农业生产迅猛发展的过程中,人们对人口与资源、环境的相互关系未能及时理顺所造成的后果。非洲日益扩大的沙漠化和特大旱灾,西欧的酸雨等等,可以说是大自然对人类的惩罚。人们已经认识到,必须探索地球资源的承载能力,并采取相应措施,否则后果不堪设想。高度消耗资源的世纪随着工业革命浪潮的涌现,世界上很多地区和国家出现了过度消耗土地、森林、能源、淡水和其他自然资源的现象,尤其是对象动物、植物等再生资源的开发和利用,已使之难以恢复简单再生产。据估计,如今地球上每天有一个物种 In the second half of the twentieth century, the development and consumption of various natural resources reached an all-time scale, the environmental pollution became more and more intense, and the life system and the life system and the environment system in a word. For the first time, the entire ecosystem was in the world There is an imbalance. This is the consequence of the delay in rationalizing the interdependence of population, resources and the environment in the course of the world’s rapid population growth and rapid industrial and agricultural production. Africa’s growing desertification and severe drought, acid rain in Western Europe, etc., can be said that nature is the punishment of mankind. People have come to realize that the carrying capacity of the earth’s resources must be explored and corresponding measures taken or the consequences will be disastrous. The century of highly resource-consuming With the advent of the industrial revolution, many regions and countries in the world have over-consumed land, forests, energy, fresh water and other natural resources, especially the development and utilization of renewable resources such as animals and plants Has rendered it difficult to resume simple reproduction. It is estimated that there is one species on Earth every day