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陈独秀说,中国人把国家看作与社稷齐观,爱国与忠君同义,而人民不过是那些缔造大业、得天下者的“牺牲品”而已,并无丝毫的自由权利与幸福。欧美人看待国家与中国人不同。他们把国家看作为国人共谋安宁幸福之团体。人民之所以要建立国家,其目的在保障权利,共谋幸福,这才是立国的精神。“所谓爱国者何?爱其为保障吾人权利谋益吾人幸福之团体也。”如果不懂得这个道理,那么“爱之也愈殷,其愚也愈深”(陈独秀《爱国心和自觉心》),爱国就是误国。1796年9月17日,华盛顿在当了8年总统以后,在国会发表的告别演讲中说“:我怀着欢欣的期待心情,指望在我切盼实现的退休之后,能与同胞们愉快地分享自由政府治下完善法律的温暖——这是我一直衷心向往的目标,并且我相信,这也是我们相互关怀、共同努力和赴汤蹈火的理想报酬。”
Chen Duxiu said that the Chinese see the country as the same as the community, patriotism and loyalty are synonymous, and the people are just the “sacrifices” of those who created the great cause and won the world, and they have no free rights and happiness. Europeans and Americans regard the country as different from the Chinese. They regard the country as a group of people who seek peace and happiness. The purpose of the people’s establishment of a country is to protect their rights and seek happiness. This is the spirit of the founding of the country. “The so-called patriots love their groups to protect our people’s rights and interests.” If you do not understand this principle, then “Love is also becoming more and more affable, and its foolishness is deeper” (Chen Duxiu’s “Patriotism and Self-consciousness” ) Patriotic is misguided. On September 17th, 1796, Washington, after eight years as president, said in a farewell speech delivered by the National Assembly: ”I am looking forward with exhilarating expectation and I hope to be happy with my compatriots after my earnest hope for retirement. Sharing the warmth of the law under the freedom of government is a goal that I have long sincerely hoped for, and I believe that this is also an ideal remuneration for mutual care, joint efforts, and enthusiasm."