一、前言西方伦理学从启蒙运动时代起,一直为两种主要理论所主导,一是康德的义务论(deontology),另一则是英国的效益论(utilitarianism)。随着对这两理论日增的不满与批评,自从1980年代以来,源自于古希腊的德行伦理学(virtueethics)重新获得西方学者的青睐而蓬勃发展。所谓德行伦理学,对于何为伦理上的善,并非像义务论与效益论所主张的,在于行动本身或行动结果的判断上,而是基于行动者本身。德行伦理学关心的是如何成为一个好人或有德 I. INTRODUCTION Western ethics has been dominated by two main theories since the Enlightenment, one is Kant’s deontology and the other is utilitarianism in the United Kingdom. With the increasing dissatisfaction and criticism of these two theories, since the 1980s the virulent ethics originated in ancient Greece regained the favor of Western scholars and thrived. The so-called moral ethics, for what is ethical good, not as advocated by the theory of obligation and effectiveness, is the action itself or action to determine the outcome, but rather based on the actor itself. Moral ethics is concerned with how to be a good person or virtue