作为20世纪最伟大的存在哲学家之一的雅斯贝尔斯,依据“人类具有唯一的共同起源和目标”为前提,提出了“轴心时代”的学说。本文通过时代背景的分析,对雅斯贝尔斯历史哲学的产生及在其整个哲学中的地位做了阐述。雅斯贝尔斯希望通过继承多元传统,进而超越传统的历史哲学构想,摆脱了以往哲学、历史学等狭隘的民族主义观念,并也藉此超越了欧洲中心主义的藩篱。他的历史哲学构想对今天以全球史的视角展开的人类文明史研究依然是很有启发性的。 Jaspers, one of the greatest existential philosophers of the 20th century, put forward the doctrine of “Axial Age” based on the assumption that “mankind has the only common origin and goal.” Through the analysis of the background of the times, this article elaborates on the birth of Jaspers’ history philosophy and its status in the whole philosophy. Jaspers hope to transcend the narrow concept of nationalism, such as philosophy and history, and to transcend the hedges of Eurocentrism by inheriting plural traditions and thus transcending the traditional conception of historical philosophy. His historical philosophical conception is still instructive for the study of human history in history from the perspective of global history.