一、音乐著作权集体管理的由来和发展与其他种类的作品相比,音乐作品著作权保护的难度要大得多。音乐作品更容易传播,更容易获得,音乐作品的使用更具有零散、广泛、大量和即时的特点。因此,音乐著作权人几乎无法掌握其音乐作品的使用情况并对之进行监督和控制。例如,一部音乐作品可能同时在不同的地点和场合演唱、播放或出版,而音乐著作权人根本不知道。尽管著作权法规定了著作权人在一般情况下对其作品的使用有控制和获酬的权利,实际上却很难或无法做到。而另一方面,著作权法 I. The Origin and Development of Collective Management of Musical Copyright Compared with other kinds of works, the copyright protection of musical works is much more difficult. Music works are easier to disseminate and easier to access. The use of musical works is more fragmented, extensive, massive and instantaneous. As a result, music copyright owners can hardly grasp and monitor the use of their musical compositions. For example, a piece of music may be sung, played or published at different places and occasions at the same time, and music copyright holders do not know it at all. Although copyright law regulates the rights of copyright owners to control and rewards the use of their work under ordinary circumstances, it is virtually impossible or impossible to do so. On the other hand, copyright law