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道德与法一样,是一种“必要的恶”。新伦理学派认为,道德是人类为了达到利己的目的(保障社会的存在发展)而创造的害己手段(压抑、限制每个人的某些欲望和自由)。道德终极总标准是为了增加全社会和每个人的利益总量。〔1〕根据人们处于的不同生活领域,道德可分为社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德。恩格斯指出,在社会生活中,“实际上,每一个阶级,甚
Like morality, morality is a ”necessary evil“. The New Ethics School believes that morality is a means of self-restraint created by humankind (repression and restriction of certain desires and liberties of individuals) in order to achieve the goal of self-interest (to ensure the existence and development of society). The ultimate standard of morality is to increase the total interest of the whole society and everyone. 〔1〕 According to people in different areas of life, morality can be divided into social ethics, professional ethics, family virtues and personal qualities. Engels pointed out that in social life, ”In fact, every class, very