一、理想气体的压强从气体分子运动论的观点得知,气体压强是大量的气体分子频繁地碰撞器壁而产生的。作无规则运动的气体分子每一时刻都有许多分子与器壁相碰,在宏观上就表现出一个恒定的持续压力,在单位时间内分子给器壁的总冲量等于器壁所受的压力,单位面积所受的压力就等于气体的压强。根据理想气体的分子模型,可用简单的统计方法计算气体的压强。在一个半径为r的球形容器内盛有理想气体,设每个分子质量为m,单位体积内气体分子的个数为n。设球内有一个质量为m的分子,以速度v_1与器壁法线成θ角前进,它与器壁弹性碰 First, the pressure of the ideal gas From the point of view of gas molecular motion theory, gas pressure is a large number of gas molecules frequently hit the wall. The molecules of random motions have many molecules that collide with the walls at every moment, and they exhibit a constant continuous pressure on a macroscopic scale. The total impulse of the molecules on the wall is equal to the pressure on the wall in a unit of time. The pressure on a unit area is equal to the pressure of the gas. According to the molecular model of an ideal gas, a simple statistical method can be used to calculate the gas pressure. An ideal gas is contained in a spherical vessel with a radius of r, and the mass of each molecule is m, and the number of gas molecules per unit volume is n. Suppose there is a molecule of mass m in the sphere, which advances at velocity θ with the normal to the wall, and it elastically touches the wall