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太阳风是由太阳吹出的高温(几百万度)高速(几百公里每秒)磁化等离子体流,充满整个日球层,包围并影响地球空间环境.高温、高速太阳风所需的加热和加速机制至今仍未研究清楚,仍是空间物理学的关键前沿课题.对太阳风的研究有助于认识空间天气的物理过程,为保障人类在地球空间以及将来深空的活动提供科学依据.太阳风是人类唯一可以直接探测的恒星风,是揭秘宇宙等离子体基本物理过程的关键窗口.本文将回顾人类在探测太空进程中对太阳风研究的历史和取得的进展,同时介绍我国学者所作出的学术贡献,并展望未来太阳风探测研究的突破方向.
The solar wind is a high-temperature (millions of degrees) high-speed (hundreds of kilometers per second) magnetizing plasma stream blown by the sun that fills the entire solarosphere surrounding and affecting the Earth’s space environment Heating and accelerating mechanisms required for high-temperature, high-speed solar winds So far it has not yet been studied clearly and remains the key frontier issue in space physics.Study on the solar wind helps to understand the physical process of space weather and provides a scientific basis for ensuring the human activities in the earth’s space and in the future. The stellar wind that can be directly detected is the key window to reveal the basic physical process of the universe plasma.This paper reviews the history and progress made in the study of the solar wind in the process of space exploration, and at the same time introduces the academic contributions made by Chinese scholars and prospects Future breakthroughs in solar wind exploration research.