如果已经到了总结十九世纪自然科学成就的时候,那么应该承认,力求这些知识的个别和零星的部门统一和汇合成一个严整的总体是这个运动最出色的特点.下面的事实是值得回忆的,在这世纪之初,物理学和它的几乎毫无关联的分科之间是怎样的情况,而由于物理的力相互转化的发现,由于能量不灭学说,以及由于确立了光与电的各种现象之间的类似之点,物理学成了什么.在这世纪之初,化学成了什么呢,与近代化学相比 If the time has come to sum up the natural sciences of the nineteenth century, then it should be acknowledged that the unity and convergence of individual and sporadic departments seeking this knowledge is the most outstanding feature of this movement.The following facts are memorable, At the beginning of this century, what was the relationship between physics and its almost unrelated sub-divisions, and because of the discovery of the transmutation of physical forces, due to the theory of energy immortality, and because of the establishment of various kinds of light and electricity What’s the difference between phenomena and physics? What did chemistry become at the beginning of this century? Compared with modern chemistry