传统哲学往往混淆语义学、语用学和发生学的区分,将语义学的指称和指称对象引向形而上学的指称和指称对象,用语言外资源来解读语言和语言现象,否认语言有意义,或不承认其独立存在。在语义学中,指称是指一个语言表达同其所指对象的关系;指称对象是由语义学性质、功能和内容所决定的语言对象;语言的意义是一种抽象的实在,以语言表达的核心语义内容即语义标记表现出来,指称和指称对象等都是从意义派生出来的。语义学指称和意义具有较强的解释力。 Traditional philosophy often obscures the distinction between semantics, pragmatics and genesis. It leads the alienation and denotation of semantics to metaphysical allegations and allegations, interprets language and linguistic phenomena by using extra-linguistic resources, denies that language is meaningful, or Do not recognize its existence. In semantics, reference refers to the relationship between a language expression and the object it refers to; the object of reference is a language object determined by the nature, function and content of semantics; the meaning of language is an abstract reality expressed in words The core semantic content that is semantic markings, allegations and allegations are all derived from the meaning. Semantic reference and meaning have strong explanatory power.