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采用访谈法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法,以长沙市3所小学田径短跑队共86名小学生短跑运动员为研究对象,研究结果表明:小学生短跑运动员赛前由于比赛的重要性、赛前的环境、参加比赛的动机、对手的水平和实力、赛前的客观条件等影响因素,会出现过度紧张状态、战斗准备状态、淡漠状态、盲目自信状态等心理状态特征。针对研究结果,提出加强赛前适应性训练,提高赛场应变能力;通过表象训练回想最佳状态表现,增强自信心;加强赛前自我心理状态调节,提高赛场抗压能力;转移赛前注意力,避开赛前不良心理因素;面对不同个性心理特征,针对性的进行强化刺激;适当进行精神和物质奖励等调控措施,来提高小学生短跑运动员赛前心理调控能力。
Using interview, literature and logic analysis, taking 86 primary school students sprinters in 3 primary school track and field sprint teams in Changsha as research objects, the results show that primary school students ’sprinters’ , Motivation to participate in the competition, the level and strength of opponents, the objective conditions before the game and other influencing factors, there will be excessive tension, the state of combat readiness, indifference, blind self-confidence and other psychological state characteristics. According to the result of the research, it is proposed to strengthen pre-competition adaptive training and improve the adaptability of the stadium; to reconstruct the best performance through the training of appearance and enhance the self-confidence; to strengthen the pre-match mental state adjustment so as to improve the oppressive ability of the stadium; To avoid the psychological factors before the game; the face of different psychological characteristics of individuals, targeted to strengthen the stimulation; appropriate spiritual and material incentives and other regulatory measures to improve the primary sprinter psychological control ability before the game.