光纤中的偏振模色散是限制高速光纤通信系统传输容量的极限因素，本文报道光纤偏振模色散的测量，对国内外多种光纤进行了测量比较，较长的单模非偏振保持光纤的多次测量值满足麦克斯韦概率分布，同时发现国产的光纤质量有待改进，最后分析了一些实验中观察到的现象并作了解释和讨论 Polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber is the limiting factor to limit the transmission capacity of high-speed optical fiber communication system. In this paper, the measurement of polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber is reported. Many kinds of optical fibers are measured and compared at home and abroad. The measured values ​​satisfy the Maxwell probability distribution, meanwhile it is found that the quality of the domestic optical fiber needs to be improved. Finally, the phenomena observed in some experiments are analyzed and explained and discussed