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价值转形问题是劳动价值论中的核心问题。从1907年起,鲍特凯维兹等经济学家尝试解决价值转形问题。一百年来,很多经济学家采用各种假设条件,构造价值转形模型。这些模型不能回答马克思的“两个等于”论断是否成立的问题。本文提出,在价值转形中商品价值和剩余价值具有几种不同的形式,并提出一个简单再生产条件下的价值转形模型。本文证明,价值决定生产价格,并分析在价值转形中,生产资料和劳动力流动问题。根据剩余价值的不同形式,回答马克思“两个等于”的著名论断在什么条件下成立。
The problem of value transformation is the core issue in labor theory of value. Since 1907, economists such as Buyukhvitz have tried to solve the problem of value transformation. For hundreds of years, many economists have used various assumptions to construct a value-transformation model. These models can not answer the question of whether or not Marx’s “two equals” thesis holds. This paper proposes that in the process of value transformation, there are several different forms of commodity value and surplus value, and a value transformation model under the condition of simple reproduction is proposed. This paper proves that value determines the price of production and analyzes the problem of the flow of means of production and labor in the process of value transformation. Under what conditions the well-known assertion in answer to Marx’s “two equals” is based on different forms of surplus value.