在性别竞争中,女性即使迈进了上层和中层白领的门槛,也更多地集中在较低层级中。我们很容易发现,男女两性在各个职业中的比例是不同的,比如护士、小学老师、秘书,往往绝大多数是女性;而另一些职业,比如技术工人、领导干部以及医生、律师等职业,则男性占绝对多数。这种男女两性分别汇聚在不同工作类型中的现象就叫作职业性别隔离。职业性别隔离是劳动领域性别不平等的一个重要指标。考察职业性别隔离有两个视角:一是水平隔离,男女两性在各类职业中的构成比例存在很大差 In the gender competition, even if the thresholds for women in the upper and middle white-collar workers are stepped up, women are more concentrated in the lower levels. We can easily find that men and women have different proportions in all occupations, such as nurses, primary school teachers and secretaries, and most of them are women. In other occupations, such as skilled workers, leading cadres and doctors and lawyers, Men make up the absolute majority. The phenomenon in which such men and women and men and women respectively converge in different types of work is called occupational gender segregation. Occupational gender segregation is an important indicator of gender inequality in the labor force. There are two perspectives for examining occupational gender segregation: one is horizontal segregation, and the proportions of men and women in various occupations are quite different