自８０年代以来，广西来宾小平阳地区出现了大量地裂缝，破坏了许多房屋与田地，成为一种主要地质灾害。这些地裂缝产生于岩溶发育区，与岩溶发育密切相关，其发生受土体性质、水、地形地貌、气候等多因素控制，其中浅层地下水的开采是地裂缝发生的重要诱发因素。地裂缝的形成与岩土界面上各种物理、化学作用有关。在阐述土洞形成基础上，建立起地裂缝形成机制的理论概化模型，根据地裂缝形成的土体应力状况，论述了从溶洞、土洞产生到自下而上开裂的地裂缝形成机制 Since the 1980s, a large number of ground fissures have taken place in the Xiaopingyang area of ​​Guangxi’s guests, destroying many houses and fields and becoming a major geological disaster. These fissures originate in the karst development zone and are closely related to the development of karst. The occurrence of these fissures is controlled by many factors such as soil properties, water, topography and climate. The exploitation of shallow groundwater is an important inducing factor of ground fissures. The formation of ground fissures is related to various physical and chemical interactions at the geotechnical interface. On the basis of describing the formation of soil holes, a theoretical generalization model of the formation mechanism of ground cracks is established. According to the stress state of soil formed by ground fissures, the formation mechanism of ground fissures from karst cave and soil cave to bottom-up cracking is discussed