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目的:探讨学术型医学博士研究生在入学时的科研背景及职业认知的差异与现状。方法:选取2017至2020年某高校入学时的学术型医学博士新生共158人（男40人、女118人）进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 24.0软件、Fisher精确概率检验进行统计分析。结果:2019至2020年纳入的学术型医学博士新生中超过50%既往进行过2年及以上的基础研究工作；2018至2020年学术型医学博士新生的科研基础水平不断提升，Fisher精确卡方n P值为0.02；对未来职业规划的选择，自2018年起选择在医疗机构从事相关管理、行政教育工作的比例呈逐年降低的趋势（n P=0.01）。n 结论:针对往届学术型医学博士新生所存在的科研问题和职业认知倾向，提出了加强科研能力及素养的培训，注重研究生全过程的培养质量和加强研究生学术道德教育，坚定理想信念和职业认同感的建议。“,”Objective:To explore the differences and current situation of scientific research background and occupational cognition of enrollees in MD-PhD programs.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 158 students (40 males and 118 females) who were enrolled in MD-PhD programs in a medical college during 2017 to 2020. SPSS 24.0 and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Over 50% of enrollees in 2019 and 2020 had at least 2-year experience in basic medical research before enrollment. The research background of MD-PhD program enrollees was continuously improving from 2018 to 2020, and Fisher\'s exact chi-squaren P value was 0.02. Since 2018, the proportion of enrollees who planned to seek for administrative or education-related jobs in medical institutions had reduced year by year (n P=0.01).n Conclusion:In view of the scientific research problems and professional cognitive tendencies of the new students of the MD-PhD programs, certain relevant guidance suggestions are put forward in this study.