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城郭是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物。它的出现,标志着氏族制度的解体和文明时代的到来。黄河流域是我国文明时代到来最早的地区之一,考古部门在河南淮阳平粮台和登封王城岗发掘出来的龙山文化遗址周围都有夯土墙,已初具城郭的雏形。五十年代发现的郑州商城遗址,城墙的墙基厚约二十米,周长近七公里,已具有相当的规模。东周以后,由于铁器的使用,促进了农业、手工业的分工和商品经济的发展,从而导致了新兴城市在列国的大量出现。如齐国的都城临淄号称有“三百闾”,(《晏子使楚》)。魏国的大梁城有十二个城门,据史书记载,其东门称为夷门,西门称为高门,两门约距十里。据此推断,大梁城的范围当比明清以后的开封城还要大。
Cheng Guo is the product of the development of human society to a certain historical stage. Its appearance marked the disintegration of the clan system and the advent of civilization. The Yellow River valley is one of the earliest regions in China’s civilization. The archaeological department has a rammed earth wall around the Longshan cultural site excavated in Pingliangtai, Huaiyang, and Wangchenggang, Dengfeng. It has taken shape in the beginning of the city. Found in the 1950s, the site of the Zhengzhou City Mall has a wall thickness of about 20 meters and a perimeter of nearly seven kilometers. It has a considerable scale. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, due to the use of iron tools, the division of labor in agriculture and handicrafts and the development of the commodity economy were promoted, which led to the emergence of a large number of emerging cities in the countries. For example, Qi’s capital city, Linyi, has a name of “three hundred miles” (“Zhuzichuchu”). There are twelve gates in Weiliang’s Liangliang City. According to historical records, the east gate is called Yimen, the west gate is called Gaomen, and the two doors are about ten miles away. It is inferred from this that the scope of the city of Liangliang is even greater than that of Kaifeng City after the Ming and Qing dynasties.