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“波的图像”作为一个重要知识点,涉及的问题复杂多变,能综合考查考生对波的理解能力、推理能力和空间想象能力,因而成为机械波中高考命题频率最高的知识点。对波动图像应注意以下几点:(1)明确其物理意义,能从图像上直接读出位移、振幅及波长;(2)质点振动方向和波的传播方向互判;(3)求振动质点一段时间内的位移或路程;(4)根据波形图计算波速;(5)结合振动图像解决较复杂的波动问题。
As an important knowledge point, “wave image” involves complex and varied problems, and can comprehensively examine examinees’ ability to understand waves, reasoning ability, and spatial imagination, thus becoming the highest frequency knowledge point in the mechanical wave entrance exam. The following points should be noted for the wave image: (1) Its physical meaning is clear and the displacement, amplitude, and wavelength can be directly read from the image; (2) The particle vibration direction and wave propagation direction are mutually judged; (3) The vibration mass is obtained. Displacement or distance in a period of time; (4) Calculate the wave velocity from the waveform diagram; (5) Combine with the vibration image to solve more complex fluctuation problems.