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目的调查评价南宁市城区学龄前儿童生长发育、龋病发生、乙肝表面抗原阳性率和贫血率,为进一步改善儿童营养情况、提高儿童体质提供依据。方法收集南宁市城区6所幼儿园共761名2~7岁学龄前儿童体重、身高、龋齿数、乙肝表面抗体、血红蛋白等指标进行分析,评价南宁市学龄前儿童生长发育及保健情况。结果南宁市城区儿童身高体重整体较国家标准偏低,且身高体重等级比例以中上等和中下等居多;龋齿发生率达31.93%,人均龋齿数为4.71颗,男童患龋率高于女童,且随着年龄增长,患龋率逐渐增加,并在5~6岁年龄段达到高峰(50.62%);乙肝表面抗体总阳性率为68.78%,<3岁组乙肝表面抗体阳性率为65.65%,3~4岁组为69.9%,4~5岁组为68.26%,5~6岁组为72.7%,6~7岁组为58.06%;总贫血率为6.22%,<3岁组贫血率5.88%,3~4岁组为9.41%,4~5岁组为4.13%,5~6岁组为6.71%,6~7岁组为3.17%。结论南宁市学龄前儿童的营养水平整体落后,保健意识还待加强,提倡学龄前儿童均衡膳食、加强龋病防治和疫苗接种的宣教,从而提高南宁市学龄前儿童的体格水平。
Objective To investigate and evaluate the growth and development, caries occurrence, positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen and anemia in preschool children in Nanning city, so as to provide basis for further improvement of children’s nutrition and improvement of children’s physical constitution. Methods A total of 761 preschool children aged 2 ~ 7 years old from 6 nurseries in Nanning City were collected to analyze the indexes of body weight, height, caries count, HBsAg and hemoglobin in Nanning preschool children to evaluate their growth and health status. Results The height and weight of children in urban area of Nanning were lower than those of national standards, and the proportions of height and weight ranged from middle to lower middle class. The incidence of dental caries reached 31.93%, the number of dental caries per capita was 4.71, and the prevalence of dental caries in boys was higher than The prevalence of caries prevalence in girls aged 5 to 6 (50.62%) was 68.78%. The positive rate of HBsAg in patients <3 years old was 65.65 %, 69.9% in 3 ~ 4 years old group, 68.26% in 4 ~ 5 years old group, 72.7% in 5 ~ 6 years old group and 58.06% in 6 ~ 7 years old group; 6.22% The rates were 5.88%, 9.41% in 3-4 years old, 4.13% in 4-5 years old group, 6.71% in 5-6 years old group and 3.17% in 6-7 years old group. Conclusions The nutrition level of preschool children in Nanning City is lagging behind and health care awareness needs to be further strengthened. The pre-school children are encouraged to have a balanced diet and strengthen the education on caries prevention and vaccination so as to improve the physical quality of preschool children in Nanning.