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(一)认识地理事物和现象的机制作用各种地理事物和现象常错综地分布在一定空间,并形成大小不同、性质各异的不同区域。因此,区域性和综合性也是乡土地理的特征。真正体现这些特征又往往与中学生的年龄特征和知识基础是十分矛盾的。解决这些矛盾的有效措施赖于有效地发挥乡土地理教学中的机制作用,这些机制作用概括起来有以下一些方面。 1.激发学生学习地理知识的兴趣所谓兴趣是人积极探究某种事物的认识倾向。这种认识倾向使人对某种事物给予优先的注意,并具有向往的心情。中学生的年龄特征决定他们对抽象难懂、枯燥、乏味的东西不感兴趣,相反,对那些生动活泼,具体逼真的事物却颇十分有兴趣。一部好的乡土地理教材应用于教学实践,无疑会具有这种性能。乡土地理教学之所以能激发学生的学习兴趣。
(I) Understanding the Mechanism of Geographical Things and Phenomenon Various geographical things and phenomena are often intricately distributed in a certain space and form different regions of different sizes and different natures. Therefore, regionality and comprehensiveness are also features of the rural geography. The true reflection of these characteristics is often very contradictory with the age characteristics and knowledge base of middle school students. The effective measures to resolve these contradictions depend on the effective use of the mechanisms in the teaching of rural geography. The functions of these mechanisms are summarized in the following aspects. 1. Inspire students’ interest in learning geography The so-called interest is the tendency of people to actively explore certain things. This kind of cognition tends to give priority to certain things and has a longing for feelings. The age characteristics of middle school students determine that they are not interested in abstract difficult, boring, and boring things. On the contrary, they are very interested in lively and realistic things. A good rural geography teaching material applied to teaching practice will undoubtedly have such performance. The reason why rural geography teaching can stimulate students’ interest in learning.