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目的分析周口市近十年麻疹流行病学特征及疫苗接种情况,为有效控制麻疹疫情提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2004—2013年周口市报告麻疹病例数据、个案调查、免疫接种等资料进行分析。结果2004-2013年,周口市共报告麻疹病例3 785例,年均发病率3.98/10万,2011年发病率达到消除麻疹标准(0.07/10万),2012、2013年发病率持续上升(0.185/10万、0.64/10万);各年发病高峰均在3~5月(45.73%),各县间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=2258,P<0.01)。年龄以0~3岁组发病最高(占64.68%),职业以散居儿童最多(占57.89%);麻疹病例个案中,流动人口者占47.13%,无明确麻疹疫苗免疫史者占77.80%;麻疹疫苗强化免疫后发病率呈明显下降(χ2=822.0,P<0.01)。结论促进消除麻疹工作的核心要素应为:对适龄儿童实现两剂含麻疹成分疫苗的免疫接种高覆盖并加以维持,加强流动儿童和散居儿童的疫苗免疫接种管理,适时开展适龄人群强化免疫与查漏补种活动,做好麻疹防控风险评估以及时控制麻疹疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and vaccination situation of measles in the past ten years in Zhoukou City and provide a reference for effective control of the epidemic situation of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles case data, case investigation and immunization reported in Zhoukou City from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 3 785 cases of measles were reported in Zhoukou from 2004 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 3.98 / 100 000. The incidence of measles in 2011 was 0.07 / 100,000. The incidence of measles in 2012 and 2013 continued to rise (0.185 / 100000, 0.64 / 100000). The peak incidence in each year was from March to May (45.73%). There was significant difference in the incidence among all counties (χ2 = 2258, P <0.01). The highest incidence was in the age group of 0-3 years (64.68%), and the number of scattered children in occupation was the highest (57.89%). In the case of measles, the floating population accounted for 47.13%, and the measles vaccine immunization history accounted for 77.80% The incidence of vaccine decreased significantly after immunization (χ2 = 822.0, P <0.01). Conclusions The key factors contributing to the elimination of measles should be as follows: High coverage and maintenance of immunization against measles vaccine containing two doses of measles for children of school-age, strengthening vaccination administration for migrant children and scattered children, Leak replanting activities, do a good job of measles prevention and control risk assessment and timely control of the epidemic.