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隐喻既是一种修辞又是人类认知客观世界的手段和方式,人的躯体是空间隐喻的认知原型,其上下、前后和里外的不对称,左右的对称以及不同文化习俗的影响使英汉均有许多空间隐喻成对词。此类成对词排序是按先作为非标记性原型的肯定项而后作为标记性模型的否定项进行的,这不仅符合语言习惯,而且也符合人类认知一般规律。本文尝试从原型—模型论视角通过对5组空间隐喻成对词在英汉中的喻体选择与其内部结构的对比分析来揭示人类因为有相似生活环境和认知基础使得英汉空间隐喻有着许多惊人雷同之处,但同时由于英汉文化不同又存在一定差异。
Metaphor is not only a rhetoric but also a means and way of human cognition of the objective world. The human body is a cognitive prototype of spatial metaphors. The influence of asymmetry around and outside, inside and outside, symmetry and cultural influences on English and Chinese There are many spatial metaphors for paired words. Such paired word ordering is based on a positive term as a non-token prototype followed by a negative term as a landmark model, which is not only in line with the linguistic conventions but also in accordance with the general rules of human cognition. This article tries to reveal that there are many striking similarities and differences between the metaphors of English and Chinese because of their similar living environment and cognitive basis through the comparative analysis of the metaphorical pairing of the five groups of metaphorical paired words in English and Chinese from the perspective of prototype-model theory However, due to the different cultures of English and Chinese, there are some differences.