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[目的]研究不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响。[方法]以陕西黄河湿地为研究区域,通过对不同土地利用方式下湿地土壤水分物理性质的比较,研究了湿地退化过程中土壤水分物理性质及其变异规律。[结果]在不同土地利用方式下,黄河湿地从河滩湿地、开垦湿地(农田)到因盐碱化最终废弃后的退化过程中,土壤容重均随着土壤深度的增加而增大,土壤容重的平均值分别为1.474、1.522、1.593g/cm3。土壤变得更紧实;土壤孔隙状况(总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度)的各项指标也随着土地利用方式的改变有所降低,其中毛管孔隙和总孔隙随着土地利用方式的改变达到极显著水平,非毛管孔隙也达到显著水平。土壤孔隙度状况的改变而改变,加剧了土壤的退化;3种不同土地利用方式下,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量,表现出相同的规律。与湿地土壤相比,开垦湿地(农田)和废弃盐碱地的最大持水量平均值分别减少了5.7%和22.3%。毛管持水量平均值分别减少了0.2%和19.4%。最小持水量平均值分别减少6.1%和22.2%;3种不同土地利用方式中,河滩湿地的蓄水能力和排水能力均优于开垦湿地(农田)和废弃盐碱地,与河滩湿地相比,开垦湿地(农田)和盐碱化荒地总土壤蓄水能力分别降低了12.4%和15.2%。总的排水能力分别降低了2.7%和15.9%。[结论]采取合理措施安排湿地周边集体林地、农田及湿地资源开发关系对黄河湿地保护区涵养水源,调节水分循环和抵御旱涝灾害的能力具有重要作用。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of different land use types on the physical properties of soil moisture in the Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province. [Method] Taking the Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province as the research area, the physical properties of the soil moisture and its variation in wetland degradation process were studied by comparing the physical properties of the wetland soil moisture under different land use patterns. [Result] Under different land use patterns, the soil bulk density of the Yellow River wetland increased with the increase of soil depth from riverbank wetlands, reclaimed wetlands (farmland) to the degradation process after the final salvage due to salinization. The soil bulk density The average values were 1.474, 1.522, 1.593g / cm3 respectively. The soil became tighter. The indexes of soil pore state (total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity) also decreased with the change of land use pattern. The capillary porosity and total pore space increased with the increase of land use Changes in the way to a very significant level, non-capillary pores also reached a significant level. Soil porosity changes, which aggravate the degradation of soil. Under the three different land use patterns, the maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary holding capacity show the same pattern. Compared with wetland soil, the average maximum water holding capacity of reclaimed wetland (farmland) and abandoned saline land decreased by 5.7% and 22.3% respectively. The average capillary holding capacity decreased by 0.2% and 19.4% respectively. The average of minimum water holding capacity decreased by 6.1% and 22.2% respectively. Among the three kinds of land use patterns, the wetland storage capacity and drainage capacity were better than that of reclaimed wetland (farmland) and abandoned saline land. Compared with flood beach wetlands (Farmland) and salinized wasteland total soil water storage capacity decreased by 12.4% and 15.2%. The total drainage capacity decreased by 2.7% and 15.9% respectively. [Conclusion] The reasonable measures to arrange the development of the collective forestland, farmland and wetland resources around the wetland play an important role in conserving the water source, regulating the water cycle and resisting drought and flood disasters in the Yellow River Wetland Reserve.