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高血钙症每见于甲状旁腺机能亢进症、结节病、维生素D中毒等,但最多见的原因是恶性肿瘤。骨骼系统的原发性或转移性肿瘤,如多发性骨髓瘤以及乳腺癌、肺癌、肾癌的骨转移、白血病等均可引起高血钙症;某些恶性肿瘤(最主要的有肾癌、支气管癌)还可分泌一些升钙因子进入血循环,这些升钙因子具有甲状旁腺激素样作用,因而导致高血钙症。高血钙症可对机体产生一系列不利影响:除有一般头痛、厌食、多尿、烦渴等外,长期持续性高血钙还可引起肾脏、血管、关节周围、软骨等钙化。血钙浓度增达15mg/dl以上时,可呈现高血钙危象:开始表现多尿,续之出现脱水,少尿,氮质血症,偶伴恶心、呕吐、上腹不适。由于脱水而排钙能力锐减,使血钙更高,出现虚弱、倦睡、昏睡、木僵、忧郁,甚至精神病行为,此时血钙可达18～20mg/dl。耐受性
Hypercalcemia found in each of hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, vitamin D poisoning, but the most common cause is malignant tumors. Skeletal system of primary or metastatic tumors, such as multiple myeloma and breast cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bone metastases, leukemia, etc. can cause hypercalcemia; some malignant tumors (the most important are kidney cancer, Bronchial cancer) can also secrete some calcium factor into the blood circulation, these calcium factors with parathyroid hormone-like effect, resulting in hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can produce a series of adverse effects on the body: In addition to the general headache, anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, etc., long-term persistent hypercalcemia can also cause kidney, blood vessels, around the joints, cartilage and other calcifications. Hypercalcemia crisis may occur when the blood calcium concentration is increased to 15mg / dl or above: polyuria begins to appear, and dehydration, oliguria, azotemia, and even nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort occur. Because of dehydration and the ability to discharge calcium dropped sharply, so that higher blood calcium, weakness, drowsiness, lethargy, stupor, depression, and even mental illness, when calcium up to 18 ~ 20mg / dl. Tolerance