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目的：探讨支气管扩张患者雾化吸入支气管舒张药物的临床应用，以及可逆性气道阻塞和气道反应性升高与支气管扩张的关系。方法：按照配对实验设计，比较支气管扩张患者和正常对照组雾化吸入沙丁胺醇前后的肺功能变化，以及对组胺的气道反应性。结果：支气管扩张患者雾化吸入沙丁胺醇后，肺活量（ＶＣ）、用力肺活量（ＦＶＣ）、第１秒用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）、最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦＲ）分别上升６．４％、９．７％、８．２％和１２．３％，与吸药前以及对照组相比，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。其中１１例患者对组胺的气道反应性明显升高，与对照组相比，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：对支气管扩张患者应进行肺功能检查，了解患者是否存在可逆性气道阻塞，并适当给予支气管舒张药物治疗。可逆性气道阻塞和气道反应性升高，在支气管扩张的形成机理中是一个参与因素。
Objective: To investigate the clinical application of inhaled bronchodilator in patients with bronchiectasis and the relationship between reversible airway obstruction and airway reactivity and bronchiectasis. Methods: According to the paired experimental design, the changes of pulmonary function before and after inhalation of albuterol in patients with bronchiectasis and the normal control group were compared, and the airway responsiveness to histamine was compared. Results: The volume of vital capacity (VVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow rate (PEFR) increased 6.4% and 9.7 respectively after bronchodilator inhalation of salbutamol %, 8.2% and 12.3%, respectively, compared with before inhalation and control group, the difference was significant (P <0.05). The airway responsiveness of histamine to 11 patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Patients with bronchiectasis should be performed pulmonary function tests to understand the existence of reversible airway obstruction in patients, and appropriate bronchodilator therapy. Reversible airway obstruction and increased airway reactivity are a contributing factor in the formation of bronchiectasis.