免疫学实验一向是以用特定抗原免疫动物所制得的抗血清作抗体用或从其中提取抗体,由于天然抗原大都是复杂物质,其表面可有多个相同的或不同的抗原决定簇,用其免疫动物所制得抗血清多是针对多种不同抗原决定簇的抗体的混合物,可与其它抗原发生交叉反应,使得免疫学实验不可能成为一种高度特异的实验;此外,由于受免疫动物的种属和个体差异的影响,所制备的抗血清的亲和力也不稳定,给结果的解释带来一定困难。因此,寻求一种高度特异性、高度均一性的抗体,是免疫学家们梦寐以求的目 Immunology experiments have always been based on the use of specific antigen immunized animals made of antisera used as antibodies or antibodies extracted from the natural antigens are mostly complex substances, the surface can have multiple identical or different antigenic determinants, with The antisera produced by the immunized animals are mostly antibodies against a plurality of different antigenic determinants and can cross-react with other antigens so that immunological experiments can not become a highly specific experiment. In addition, since the immunized animals Of the species and individual differences in the impact of the prepared antiserum affinity is not stable, the interpretation of the results to some difficulties. Therefore, the search for a high degree of specificity, a high degree of uniformity of antibodies, is the dream of immunologists