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本文以气候寒冷干燥、具有土壤盐碱化问题的中国河套灌区为背景，将地质统计学和经典统计学理论结合评价实验场土壤表层盐分的空间分布特征及其变异性。用经典统计学理论确定了土壤盐分田间监测的合理采样数目与空间采样法则。在用地质统计学理论对变差函数理论模型最优性检验基础上，采用ＯＫ法对实验场表层土壤盐分空间分布进行了最优无偏估计。结果表明ＯＫ法用于内插估计精度较高；而用于外推估计精度略低，需对误差进行控制方可适当外推。以便利用样本对总体进行估计，并指导野外采样与监测。
Based on the background of cold and dry climate and Hetao irrigated area in China, this paper combines the geostatistics and classical statistical theory to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil salinity and its variability in the laboratory. Using the classical statistical theory, the reasonable sampling number and spatial sampling rule of soil salt field monitoring were determined. On the basis of using geostatistics theory to test the optimality of the variogram theoretical model, the OK method is applied to the optimal unbiased estimation of the spatial distribution of surface soil salinity in the laboratory. The results show that the OK method is better for the accuracy of the interpolation estimation; while the precision of the estimation is slightly lower for extrapolation, the error should be controlled before being extrapolated appropriately. In order to use the sample to estimate the population as a whole and to guide field sampling and monitoring.