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地球丧面所反映出的现代地貌基本形态与结构,无论大陆地貌或海底地貌,都是地球内、外营力长期综合作用的结果生成。内营力系指地球内部的各种能源所产生的内力,包括地壳运动(水平、垂直、挤压、拉张等应力)、岩浆、地震及火山活动等。外营力系指地球以外的自然环境变化而产生的能量引起地表变化的力,如太阳能、水流、冰川、气候变化、生物作用、化学作用等产生的能量。内营力作用的总趋势是形成地球表面地貌起伏的基本轮廓,外营力则对这一基础地貌格架不断进行风化、剥蚀、搬运和堆积,从而形成现代地面的各种地貌形态。
The basic morphology and structure of the modern landform reflected by the earth’s surface mourning are generated as a result of the long-term combined effects of internal and external forces of the earth, no matter the landform of the land or the seafloor. Internal force refers to the internal forces generated by various sources of energy within the Earth, including crustal movement (horizontal, vertical, extrusion, tension and other stress), magma, earthquakes and volcanic activity. External force refers to the surface-changing forces caused by changes in the natural environment outside the Earth, such as solar energy, water flow, glaciers, climate change, biological effects, chemical effects and other energy. The general trend of the internal force is to form the basic contours of the earth’s surface relief. External forces continuously weathered, eroded, transported and accumulated the basic geomorphic framework, thus forming various topographical features of the modern ground.