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目的研究不同孕前体质指数和孕期增重对母亲血脂水平及胎儿发育的影响。方法选取2012-2015年间在郑州市第二人民医院住院分娩的产妇及其新生儿共1 500例。采用回顾性调查的方式获取孕妇整个孕期的产检记录,前瞻性追踪新生儿出生结局资料。利用线性回归分析不同孕前体质指数和孕期增重对孕妇血脂水平和胎儿发育的影响。结果孕期增重过多组的孕妇产下的胎儿出生体重、身长、头围各项指标高于孕期增重正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与孕前消瘦组、体重正常组相比,超重肥胖组的孕妇总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均较低,孕期增重过多组与增重不足组相比,其TC水平升高,与增重正常组相比,其HDL-C水平升高。甘油三酯与巨大儿发生率呈正相关,HDL-C与巨大儿发生率呈负相关。结论孕前体重过重、孕期增重过多会使新生儿出生体重、身长、头围增加,增大巨大儿发生风险,HDL-C降低巨大儿发生风险。
Objective To study the effects of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy on serum lipids and fetal development in mothers. Methods A total of 1 500 cases of mothers and their newborns hospitalized in the Second People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from 2012 to 2015 were selected. A retrospective survey of pregnant women throughout the pregnancy check-up records, prospective follow-up of neonatal birth data. Effect of Different Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Weight Gain on Serum Lipids and Fetal Development in Pregnant Women Using Linear Regression. Results The birth weight, body length and head circumference of fetuses born in pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were higher than those of normal weight groups during pregnancy (P <0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pregnant women with overweight and obesity were significantly lower than those in normal weight group and normal weight group Compared with the underweight group, the TC level of the overdose group was increased, and the HDL-C level was higher than that of the normal weight group. Triglyceride and the incidence of macrosomia was positively correlated, HDL-C was negatively correlated with the incidence of macrosomia. Conclusion Overweight before pregnancy and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may increase the birth weight, length and head circumference of the newborn, increase the risk of macrosomia, and reduce the risk of macrosomia in HDL-C.