一、背景与问题在组织环境中,由于分工导致任务分解、责任分割和激励条件的改变,因而有效性和绩效的挑战已成为组织成长与发展的长期困扰。员工的理性行为是由其理性的动机支使的,虽然它有趋利避害的特性,但它总是自利的和有限的。人们相互依赖性的事实,加之意识形态和其内在的错误认知与偏见,是产生 I. Background and Problems In the organizational environment, the division of labor has led to the decomposition of tasks, division of responsibilities, and changes in incentive conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness and performance challenges have become long-term problems for the growth and development of the organization. The employee’s rational behavior is driven by his rational motive. Although it has the characteristics of seeking benefits and avoiding disadvantages, it is always selfish and limited. The fact that people are interdependent, combined with ideology and their inherent misperceptions and prejudices, is