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齐泽克指出,从《帝国》到《大众》,哈特和奈格里表现出对当代资本主义全球化的一种乐观的倾向,由于非物质劳动的出现,以及由于非物质劳动创制出来的新的社会关系,使得大众已经可以在资本主义内部来自然地摧毁资本主义本身,仿佛他们已经兑现了马克思和恩格斯的诺言。但是,在齐泽克看来,哈特和奈格里的乐观主义并不能为我们今天提供一种具体的行动方案,同时,齐泽克仍然欣赏哈特和奈格里并没有像拉克劳一样摈弃了共产主义,而是仍然将共产主义看成是取代资本主义的一个更高的社会阶段,不过齐泽克认为共产主义的根基并不在于他们从马克思那里承袭而来的剩余价值学说,而是拉康式的剩余快感。
Zizek pointed out that from “the empire” to “the general public,” Hart and Negri show an optimistic tendency toward the globalization of contemporary capitalism. Due to the emergence of immaterial labor and due to immaterial labor New social relations have allowed the general public to already destroy capitalism naturally within capitalism as if they had fulfilled the promise of Marx and Engels. However, in Zizek’s view, optimism of Hart and Negri can not provide us with a concrete plan of action today. At the same time, Zizek still appreciates that Hart and Negri do not behave as Laclau Instead of communism, communism was still regarded as a higher social stage to replace capitalism. However, Zizek did not think that the foundation of communism lay in the theory of surplus value that they inherited from Marx Lacan’s remaining pleasure.