Brain activity is distributed over the three-dimensional volume and evolves in time.It is of importance to image dynamic brain activity with high resolution in space and time domains.Functional neuroimaging,including functional MRI and electrophysiological neuroimaging using electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetoencephalogram,has played a significant role to advance our ability to image brain function with high spatial and temporal resolution.We will discuss the merits and challenges of electrophysiological neuroimaging integrating EEG with MRI,and review our recent development of an oscillatory source imaging methodology,which can be applied to image resting state and spontaneous brain activity.Our work indicates that the electrophysiological source imaging approach can image and localize seizure activities from noninvasive scalp EEG measurements,suggesting its potential clinical applications to aiding pre-surgical planning in epilepsy patients.We will also review the merits and challenges in multi-modal functional neuroimaging integrating electrophysiological and hemodynamic measurements.Our recent work indicates that,the BOLD functional MRI and electrophysiological data can be integrated in a principled way,leading to substantially enhanced spatiotemporal resolution for functional imaging of dynamic brain activation.Finally we will discuss co-localization of hemodynamic and electrophysiological signals associated with movement and motor imagery used in braincomputer interface applications.