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Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. To generate apple adapting to arid soil, we had transformed apple rootstock M.26 with MdNHXl, a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from Luo-2, a salt-tolerant rootstock of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) We report here that overexpression of the MdNHXl gene confers enhanced drought tolerance to the transformed apple rootstock M.26.The transgenic lines and the wild-type plants were treated for short-term natural drought stress for 4 days, and then rehydrated. Photosynthetic characteristics, relative leaf water content (RWC), cell membrane damage, root activity were monitored. Compared with the wild-type plants, transgenic lines performed better as the follow 3 aspects.(l) MdNHXl transgenic M.26 protects photosynthetic machinery in transgenic lines(Fig. 1). (2) MdNHXl transgenic M.26 retains more water during drought stress than wild-type(Fig. 2). (3) MdNHXl transgenic M.26 maintains the stability cell membrane damage than wild-type. These results suggest that the overexpression of vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene could increase the drought tolerance of apple rootstock M.26.