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原子究竟是什么?科学家是怎样认识原子的?探询这一科学研究过程不仅能帮助学生正确认识原子,树立正确的原子观,更能从这个过程中体会科学研究的真谛.一、原子结构的早期假设英国化学家和物理学家道尔顿(J.John Dalton,1766～1844)创立原子学说后,很长时间内人们都认为原子就像一个小得不能再小的实心球,不可再分.1869年德国科学家希托夫发现阴极射线后,克鲁克斯、赫兹、勒纳德、汤姆生等科学家研究了阴极射线,历时二十余年.最终,汤姆生(JosephJohn Thomson)发现了电子的存在.这就启发人
What is the atom and how do scientists recognize the atom? Inquiring into this scientific research process can not only help students to correctly understand the atom, establish the correct concept of atom, but also understand the essence of scientific research from this process. Assuming that the British chemist and physicist J. John Dalton (1766-1844) founded the atom theory, for a long time people thought the atom was like a solid sphere that could not be smaller and could not be subdivided. After the discovery of the cathode ray by German scientist Hitov in 1869, Catholics were studied by scientists such as Crooks, Hertz, Leonard and Thomson for more than twenty years.At last, Joseph Thomson discovered the electronic There is this