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目的监测与评价公路收费站作业环境状况,为加强收费站工作人员的个人防护和职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法采用GB 3095-96环境空气质量标准、GBZ 1-2002工业企业设计卫生标准、GBZ 2-2002工作场所有害因素职业接触限值等标准检测和采样规范中的方法,对某省内10个收费站亭内外作业环境因素进行监测与分析。结果收费站车流量为835-2734辆/h,车型以货车和客车为主;收费亭内外作业环境空气中CO、NO2、SO2、Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度均超过《环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-96)》中二级标准;国道收费站作业环境空气中CO、NO2和SO2的浓度明显高于省道收费站;空气中Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度,省道收费站高于国道收费站;收费亭内外的交通噪声强度分别为(83.4±2.5)和(89.6±3.1)dB(A),等效声级分别为(78.4±2.5)和(82.9±2.6)LAeqdB(A),频谱特性为高、中、低频率均有的非稳态噪声,超过国家规定交通干线两侧,每小时车流量在100辆以上的公路昼间标准70 Leq dB(A);收费亭内外振动强度(ahw)分别为(4.5±1.7)和(3.4±1.4)m/s2,收费亭内高于亭外。结论公路收费站作业环境较差,受多种有害因素的作用和污染,建议应加强个人防护和职业健康监护。
Objective To monitor and evaluate the operation environment of highway toll station and provide scientific basis for strengthening personal protection and occupational health monitoring of toll station staff. Methods The methods of standard testing and sampling in GB 3095-96 Ambient Air Quality Standard, GBZ 1-2002 Industrial Enterprise Design Health Standard, GBZ 2-2002 Occupational Exposure Limits of Hazardous Factors in Workplace were adopted, Station kiosks operating environmental factors inside and outside the monitoring and analysis. Results The toll station traffic volume was 835-2734 vehicles / h, with trucks and buses as the main types. The concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, Pb, TSP and PM10 in the ambient air inside and outside the toll booths exceeded the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-96) "in the secondary standard; national toll booth operating environment air CO, NO2 and SO2 concentrations were significantly higher than the provincial toll stations; air concentrations of Pb, TSP and PM10, provincial toll stations higher than the national highway toll The traffic noise intensities inside and outside the toll booths were (83.4 ± 2.5) and (89.6 ± 3.1) dB (A), and the equivalent sound levels were (78.4 ± 2.5) and (82.9 ± 2.6) LAeqdB The characteristics of high, medium and low-frequency non-steady-state noise, traffic regulations over the country on both sides of the trunk, the traffic flow per hour in more than 100 vehicles daytime standard 70 Leq dB (A); toll booth inside and outside the vibration intensity ( ahw) were (4.5 ± 1.7) and (3.4 ± 1.4) m / s2, respectively. The toll booths were taller than the kiosks. Conclusion Highway toll station operating environment is poor, by a variety of harmful factors and pollution, it is suggested that personal protection and occupational health monitoring should be strengthened.