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“人口迁移”在中国古代民族关系史专题学习中是个难点问题,要突破这一难点,必须把握好三个重点。一、古代“人口迁移”的流向“人口迁移”的流向主要有:一是由人口稀少的荒漠草原地区流向人口稠密的黄河流域。这类流动的主体是少数民族,东汉以来,我国西部、北部边陲的许多民族陆续向内地迁移。汉和帝初年,南匈奴“三万四千户,二十三万多口”,逐渐向东、向南迁徒于河套、陕西、山西北部一带,同中原汉族人民交错居住在一起;西晋时期,匈奴、鲜卑、羯等共几十万人,氐族和羌族有五十多万人陆续内迁到今天的甘肃、山西、湖北、辽宁等地,唐初突厥族开始南下,五代至宋契丹人南下,宋元时期女真、蒙古族先后南下,明朝时瓦刺、满族也先后南下,同汉族等杂居相处。二是北人南迁。由人口众多的黄河流域流向人口稀少的长江以南地区,其流动的主体是黄河流域的汉人。东汉末、三国两晋南北朝、唐末安史之乱、藩镇割据、五代十
“Population migration” is a difficult issue in the study of the history of ancient ethnic relations in China. To overcome this difficulty, we must grasp three key points. First, the flow of “population migration” in ancient times to “population migration” mainly includes the following: First, the desert grassland area with sparse population flows to the densely populated Yellow River Basin. The main bodies of such flows are ethnic minorities. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, many ethnic groups in the western and northern borders of China have gradually moved to the interior. In the early years of Hanhe Di, the South Huns “34,000, more than 230,000,” gradually moved eastwards and southwards to the Hetao, Shaanxi, and northern Shanxi Provinces, where they lived intertwined with the Han people of the Central Plains; During the period, hundreds of thousands of people such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Dai, and more than half a million people of the Dai and She nationalities moved inland to today’s Gansu, Shanxi, Hubei, and Liaoning provinces. The Turkic people began southwards in the early Tang Dynasty, and from the Five Dynasties to Song Dynasty. The Khitans descended southwards, and during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Jurchens and the Mongolians successively descended southward. During the Ming Dynasty, the Vaci and the Manchus also successively descended south and lived together with Han people. Second, the northerners moved southwards. From the large population of the Yellow River Basin to the south of the Yangtze River where the population is sparsely populated, the main body of the flow is the Han Chinese in the Yellow River Basin. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the South and North Dynasties, the An Shi of the Tang Dynasty, the separatist regime of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties ten