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目的了解和掌握喀什地区黑热病的流行现况。方法通过对重点流行乡村居民进行普查;根据县级医院以及乡(镇)卫生院所提供的已治愈黑热病患者的线索,随访患者;采用不同捕蛉法捕捉户外及人房内白蛉。结果3年共普查43467人,查出现患病例242人,患病率为0.56%(242/43467)。随访62例患者,均被确认为黑热病。2004～2006年的普查患病率分别为0.74%,0.56%和0.36%;2004年与2006年的调查结果相比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.47,P<0.05)。捕蛉灯法在户外不同场所捕捉429只白蛉,其中长管白蛉占19.35%,吴氏白蛉占80.65%,吴氏白蛉为户外优势种。捕蛉管法在人房内、外墙壁上捕捉白蛉658只,密度为8.62只;吴氏白蛉占25.68%,长管白蛉占74.32%;长管白蛉为人房内优势种。结论喀什地区的黑热病发病率较往年呈下降趋势。
Objective To understand and grasp the prevalence of kala-azar in Kashi area. Methods The censuses of key rural residents were carried out. According to the clues of cured kala-azar patients provided by county-level hospitals and township hospitals, the patients were followed up. Results A total of 43 467 people were surveyed in 3 years, 242 cases were found, the prevalence was 0.56% (242/43467). 62 patients were followed up, were identified as kala-azar. The prevalence rates of census from 2004 to 2006 were 0.74%, 0.56% and 0.36%, respectively. The differences between 2004 and 2006 were statistically significant (χ2 = 19.47, P <0.05). Catching lamp method to capture 429 white catfish outdoors in different places, of which the long tube Baipi accounted for 19.35%, Wu white catfish accounted for 80.65%, Wu white catfish for the outdoor dominant species. Cattle catching pipe method in the room, the outer wall to capture the white catfish 658, a density of 8.62; Wu white catfish accounted for 25.68%, 74.32% of the long tube Baijiu; Conclusion The incidence of kala-azar in Kashgar region is decreasing compared with that in previous years.