眩晕俗称头晕,是神经内科常见的急症之一。自觉平衡感觉障碍或身体在空间的定向感觉障碍。其临床表现为:(1)自觉周围景物旋转和摇晃感。(2)自身旋转和摇动感。(3)双下肢行动不稳。眩晕据其发病的机理和性质可分两大类:一、假性眩晕(或叫脑性眩晕),可由神经官能症、贫血、高血压、发烧、尿毒症、药物中毒等引起,仅有头晕或站立不稳感觉。二、真性头晕,由前庭神经或内耳迷路病变引起,有自身旋转或周围景物旋转的感觉,都伴有不同程度的恶心、呕吐、眼球震颤、共济失调等。一、发病机制 (一)解剖和生理 1.前庭、小脑、大脑等:内耳迷路的神 Dizziness, commonly known as dizziness, is one of the most common emergencies in neurology. Consciously balance sensory disturbances or directional sensory disturbances in the body. The clinical manifestations are: (1) consciously around the scene rotation and shaking sense. (2) its own sense of rotation and shaking. (3) Unbalanced movement of both lower extremities. Dizziness According to the pathogenesis and nature of the disease can be divided into two categories: First, the fake dizziness (or cerebral dizziness), by the neurosis, anemia, high blood pressure, fever, uremia, drug poisoning caused only dizzy Or feeling unstable. Second, the real dizzy, caused by the vestibular nerve or the inner ear labyrinthine lesions, have their own rotation or the sense of rotation around the scene, are accompanied by varying degrees of nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, ataxia and so on. First, the pathogenesis (A) Anatomy and Physiology 1. Vestibular, cerebellum, brain, etc.: Inner ear lost God