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【编者按】农村问题是近代中国社会转型过程中的重要因素和重要组成部分。近代中国由传统社会向近现代社会的转型是整体性和全面性的,包括政治、经济、思想、制度、文化、教育、军事、外交、城市和乡村等各个方面。在近代中国,农村是中国社会的汪洋大海,城市可谓是孤岛绿洲,农村的社会状况在很大程度上决定了中国社会转型的状态和发展的整体质量。自民国时期以来,就有很多的政治家和学者认识到农村问题对中国社会发展的重要性,从政治或学术的角度研究农村问题。在政治家看来,农村问题主要是政治性问题;在学者看来,农村问题主要是社会性问题。实际上,农村问题非常复杂,它与政治、经济、思想、文化、教育、军事等诸多方面和诸多问题交织在一起,而其基
Editor’s note: The rural issue is an important factor and an important part of the social transformation in modern China. The transition from modern society to modern society in modern China is holistic and comprehensive, including political, economic, ideological, institutional, cultural, educational, military, diplomatic, urban and rural areas. In modern China, the countryside is an ocean of Chinese society. The city is an isolated oasis. The social conditions in rural areas largely determine the state of social transformation in China and the overall quality of its development. Since the Republic of China, many politicians and scholars have realized the importance of rural problems for the development of Chinese society and the study of rural problems from a political or academic standpoint. In the view of politicians, the rural problems are mainly political problems. To scholars, the rural problems are mainly social issues. In fact, the rural issue is very complicated. It is intertwined with many issues such as politics, economy, ideology, culture, education, military affairs and many other issues.