门脉高压(portal hypertension,PHT)指门脉压力呈病理性增加,肝静脉和下腔静脉之间的压力差即肝静脉压力梯度(hepatic vein pressure gradient,HVPG)超过10mmHg,或门脉压力超过20cmH2O。肝硬化是其最常见的原因。当HVPG超过10mmHg,门静脉压力升高至40cmH2O时,即可出现明显的侧支循环开放、脾肿大和脾功能亢进、腹水等3大临床表现,此外还有门脉高压性胃病、门脉高压性肠病、门脉高压性胆道病等,现分述如下。 Portal hypertension (PHT) refers to a pathological increase in portal pressure with a pressure difference between the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava ie, a hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) exceeding 10 mmHg, or a portal pressure exceeding 20cmH2O. Cirrhosis is its most common cause. When the HVPG exceeds 10mmHg, the portal pressure rises to 40cmH2O, obvious collateral circulation, splenomegaly and hypersplenism, ascites and other three major clinical manifestations, in addition to portal hypertensive gastropathy, portal hypertension Enteropathy, portal hypertensive biliary disease, are as follows.