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作为文化研究的开山之作,雷蒙·威廉斯的《文化与社会》一书奠定了文化研究的基本范式。这一基本范式一方面表现在文化是特定生活方式的概念厘清上,一方面表现在以词语变化为突破口讲述文化与社会复杂关系的研究方法上。威廉斯的问题意识决定其从个体经验出发通过“感觉结构”审视社会经验(共同经验)之形成同时看重两者的关联的文化态度,而他的“左翼”立场坚持的反精英主义论述不但决定其鲜明的文化平等主义原则,也决定《文化与社会》面对当下语境重构英国近现代社会变迁史的意图。
As a mountain of cultural studies, Raymond Williams’s book Culture and Society lays down the basic paradigm of cultural studies. On the one hand, this basic paradigm shows that culture is the definition of a particular way of life. On the one hand, it manifests itself in the research method of describing the complex relationship between culture and society with the change of words. Williams’s question consciousness determines that he or she should consider the formation of social experience (common experience) from individual experience through “feeling structure” while emphasizing the cultural attitudes of the two, while his “left-wing” The doctrine of not only determines its distinctive principle of cultural equality, but also decides that “culture and society” should face the current context with the intention of reconstructing the history of British modern society.