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四川作物育种科技从20世纪30年代开始,经历了初期、中期和发展时期,特别是80-90年代发展时期的进步大,成绩显著。育成了通过省级以上审定的粮、棉、油新品种(组合)300个以上,创造和发明了杂交水稻的冈型、D型、K型不育系;水稻的无融合生殖“SAR”系;杂交玉米的山区育种模式及“三高”自交系和T型、C型、类型及G型雄不育系;小麦系统应用冬春麦杂交模式及T型雄不育“三系”配套;棉花的“洞A”雄不育系及“两用系法”制种;棉花高抗枯萎病源;油菜雄性不育“三系”配套等。选育了一批高产、优质、抗性好的作物新品种(组合),实现了全省粮、棉、油品种(组合)的四次更新换代,储备了一批超高产的、优质的、高抗病(虫)的后备材料,为21世纪的超高产育种奠定了好的基础。本文总结了20世纪四川作物育种科技的基本经验,提出了发展建议。
Since the 1930s, Sichuan crop breeding technology has undergone early, middle and development stages, especially during the 1980s and 1990s, with remarkable achievements. Bred into more than 300 new varieties (combinations) of grain, cotton and oil validated at the provincial level or above, the male sterile lines of type D, type K and type K were created and invented. The apomictic SAR of rice ; The breeding mode of hybrid maize in mountainous areas and the “three high” inbred lines and T, C, and G male sterile lines; winter wheat and winter wheat hybrids and “three lines” ; Cotton “hole A” male sterile lines and “dual-purpose system” seed; cotton high resistance to wilt origin; rape male sterile “three lines” and so on. A batch of new crop varieties (combinations) with high yield, good quality and good resistance were bred and four generations of grain, cotton and oil varieties (combinations) were upgraded in the whole province. A batch of super-high-yielding, high- The highly resistant (insect) reserve material laid a good foundation for the super-high-yielding breeding in the 21st century. This paper summarizes the basic experience of crop breeding technology in Sichuan in the 20th century and puts forward suggestions for its development.