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青光眼(glaucoma)是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一,影响全球约8 000万人。大多数青光眼患者因眼内有害的高压导致进行性功能障碍,造成视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,通过视神经连接眼睛到大脑的神经细胞)的丢失。随着眼科学和神经科学的发展,越来越多的证据显示青光眼不仅仅是眼睛的局部病变,其神经损害累及整个视觉通路,年龄的增加是青光眼的主要危险因素,会引起有害眼内压的升高和增加神经元的脆弱性,造成压力引起的损害。
Glaucoma is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting about 80 million people worldwide. Most glaucoma patients cause progressive dysfunction due to unwanted ocular hypertension, resulting in the loss of retinal ganglion cells, which connect the eye to the brain through the optic nerve. With the development of ophthalmology and neuroscience, there is more and more evidences that glaucoma is not only a local lesion of the eye, but its nerve damage affects the entire visual pathway. Increasing age is a major risk factor for glaucoma and can cause harmful intraocular pressure Increases and increases the vulnerability of neurons, causing stress-induced damage.